Woody
Founder - Gone but not forgotten.
Kent will be submitting articles to this forum as time allows. – Some will be articles written for major hunting publications while others will be one of a kind offerings
My thanks to Kent for his time.
Article #1
AUSTRIAN WINTER PEA (Pisum sativus)
By: Kent Kammermeyer
Origin/Description
Austrian winter peas, sometimes called “black pea” and “field pea” may be the ultimate cool season “ice cream plant” for deer, ranking very high on deer preference lists. It is an annual legume with very good nitrogen fixing capabilities. This, and related pea species are native to the eastern Mediterranean and western Asia.
Austrian winter pea is a low-growing viny legume, which can fix over 200 lbs/acre/year of nitrogen under good conditions. It has hollow, slender, and succulent stems, two to four feet long. Foliage is pale green, and the flowers are colored, usually purple, pink or reddish. The leaf consists of one to three pairs of leaflets and terminal branched tendrils. Pods are 1.5 to 2.5 inches long with three to five round, dark colored seeds. Seed color is commonly gray with purple or brown mottles. Seed size is larger with test weights of 55 to 60 lbs/bushel.
Adaptation/Establishment
As its name implies, Austrian winter pea has good winter hardiness and can be successfully grown in the entire U.S. and parts of Canada. However, during severe winters, when the small pea plants are exposed to long periods of sub-zero weather without snow cover, they may be winter killed. The winter pea can also be grown spring-seeded as a summer annual in the northern half of its range and maybe even further south. Normal planting dates are August to October (moving north to south). The pea is somewhat slow staring and vulnerable to overgrazing. Broadcast plant at 30-40 lbs/acre and cover one-half to one inch deep. Be sure to inoculate with Rhizobia bacteria specific to peas (Type C), and apply 300 lbs/acre 0-20-20 fertilizer incorporated well into the soil. Austrian winter pea is sensitive to acid soil and grows well in a pH of 6.0-7.5. Production can be 3,000-4,000 lbs/acre forage. It maintains extremely high quality foliage and stem with protein levels in the 25-30% range (very similar to white clover). They grow best on loam or clay-loam soils although they will do well on sand with adequate rainfall.
Varieties/Management
Related subspecies include Granger and Sioux. Several varieties of lentils are also closely related to Austrian winter peas. For deer management, stick with the original. With Austrian winter peas, more so than any other cool season deer food plot plant, it is important to ask yourself the question, “What is the main purpose of this food plot?” If the answer is to attract and harvest deer in this plot in the fall, then these peas should be an integral part of your planting program. However, you should also be cautioned that these peas are quite vulnerable to overgrazing and kill-out, especially in small plots. Again, for this reason and others, I would never recommend planting Austrian winter peas in a pure stand. There are many possible combinations for mixtures including ladino clover (five lbs/acre), red clover (five lbs/acre), wheat (50 lbs/acre) and Austrian winter peas (20 lbs/acre). Austrian winter peas (25 lbs/acre) can also be planted separately with rye (50 lbs/acre), oats (50 lbs/acre), arrowleaf clover (10 lbs/acre), crimson clover (10 lbs/acre), and ryegrass (15 lbs/acre).
Austrian winter peas are especially suited to no-till drilling into stands weakened by cold weather or killed with glyphosate. These include bahia grass, crabgrass, Bermuda grass, browntop millet, jointvetch, alyce clover, soybeans, and cowpeas. When drilling in the fall, mix 20 lbs/acre Austrian winter peas with 25 lbs/acre wheat or rye and drill one inch deep. The small grains will try to act as a nurse crop, which in bigger fields and lower deer populations may allow the Austrian winter peas to escape overgrazing. Fertilize with 300 lbs/acre 19-19-19 for best results.
Back in late December, I went out to one of my Austrian winter pea mixtures to get photos of the peas. The mix was planted in early September and included 50 lbs/acre wheat, 10 lbs/acre crimson clover, 10 lbs/acre hairy vetch and 10 lbs/acre Austrian winter peas. The field was only one-fourth acre. At last check in November, everything was doing fine. However, this December trip would yield no Austrian winter pea photos – they were gone! There was light to moderate grazing on the wheat, clover, and vetch, but the deer had selectively knocked out the Austrian winter peas over the course of less than a month. I do not have a high deer population on my property (25-30/square mile). Oh well, this experience reinforces the value of mixtures anyway!
My thanks to Kent for his time.
Article #1
AUSTRIAN WINTER PEA (Pisum sativus)
By: Kent Kammermeyer
Origin/Description
Austrian winter peas, sometimes called “black pea” and “field pea” may be the ultimate cool season “ice cream plant” for deer, ranking very high on deer preference lists. It is an annual legume with very good nitrogen fixing capabilities. This, and related pea species are native to the eastern Mediterranean and western Asia.
Austrian winter pea is a low-growing viny legume, which can fix over 200 lbs/acre/year of nitrogen under good conditions. It has hollow, slender, and succulent stems, two to four feet long. Foliage is pale green, and the flowers are colored, usually purple, pink or reddish. The leaf consists of one to three pairs of leaflets and terminal branched tendrils. Pods are 1.5 to 2.5 inches long with three to five round, dark colored seeds. Seed color is commonly gray with purple or brown mottles. Seed size is larger with test weights of 55 to 60 lbs/bushel.
Adaptation/Establishment
As its name implies, Austrian winter pea has good winter hardiness and can be successfully grown in the entire U.S. and parts of Canada. However, during severe winters, when the small pea plants are exposed to long periods of sub-zero weather without snow cover, they may be winter killed. The winter pea can also be grown spring-seeded as a summer annual in the northern half of its range and maybe even further south. Normal planting dates are August to October (moving north to south). The pea is somewhat slow staring and vulnerable to overgrazing. Broadcast plant at 30-40 lbs/acre and cover one-half to one inch deep. Be sure to inoculate with Rhizobia bacteria specific to peas (Type C), and apply 300 lbs/acre 0-20-20 fertilizer incorporated well into the soil. Austrian winter pea is sensitive to acid soil and grows well in a pH of 6.0-7.5. Production can be 3,000-4,000 lbs/acre forage. It maintains extremely high quality foliage and stem with protein levels in the 25-30% range (very similar to white clover). They grow best on loam or clay-loam soils although they will do well on sand with adequate rainfall.
Varieties/Management
Related subspecies include Granger and Sioux. Several varieties of lentils are also closely related to Austrian winter peas. For deer management, stick with the original. With Austrian winter peas, more so than any other cool season deer food plot plant, it is important to ask yourself the question, “What is the main purpose of this food plot?” If the answer is to attract and harvest deer in this plot in the fall, then these peas should be an integral part of your planting program. However, you should also be cautioned that these peas are quite vulnerable to overgrazing and kill-out, especially in small plots. Again, for this reason and others, I would never recommend planting Austrian winter peas in a pure stand. There are many possible combinations for mixtures including ladino clover (five lbs/acre), red clover (five lbs/acre), wheat (50 lbs/acre) and Austrian winter peas (20 lbs/acre). Austrian winter peas (25 lbs/acre) can also be planted separately with rye (50 lbs/acre), oats (50 lbs/acre), arrowleaf clover (10 lbs/acre), crimson clover (10 lbs/acre), and ryegrass (15 lbs/acre).
Austrian winter peas are especially suited to no-till drilling into stands weakened by cold weather or killed with glyphosate. These include bahia grass, crabgrass, Bermuda grass, browntop millet, jointvetch, alyce clover, soybeans, and cowpeas. When drilling in the fall, mix 20 lbs/acre Austrian winter peas with 25 lbs/acre wheat or rye and drill one inch deep. The small grains will try to act as a nurse crop, which in bigger fields and lower deer populations may allow the Austrian winter peas to escape overgrazing. Fertilize with 300 lbs/acre 19-19-19 for best results.
Back in late December, I went out to one of my Austrian winter pea mixtures to get photos of the peas. The mix was planted in early September and included 50 lbs/acre wheat, 10 lbs/acre crimson clover, 10 lbs/acre hairy vetch and 10 lbs/acre Austrian winter peas. The field was only one-fourth acre. At last check in November, everything was doing fine. However, this December trip would yield no Austrian winter pea photos – they were gone! There was light to moderate grazing on the wheat, clover, and vetch, but the deer had selectively knocked out the Austrian winter peas over the course of less than a month. I do not have a high deer population on my property (25-30/square mile). Oh well, this experience reinforces the value of mixtures anyway!
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